Hutun iyaye

Hutun iyaye
Bayanai
Ƙaramin ɓangare na	family leave (en)
Amfani	child care (en)
Suna a Kana	いくじきゅうぎょう

Hutun iyaye, ko hutun iyali, amfanin ma'aikaci ne a kusan dukkanin ƙasashe duniya. Kalmar "hutu na iyaye" na iya haɗawa da haihuwa, iyaye, da izinin tallafi; ko uba ana iya amfani da shi daban daga "hutuwar haihuwa" da "hutuwan iyaye" don bayyana izinin iyali daban-daban ga kowanne iyaye don kula da kananan yara.^[1] A wasu ƙasashe da hukunce-hukunce, "hukunce na iyali" ya haɗa da hutun da aka bayar don kula da marasa lafiya. Sau da yawa, mafi ƙarancin fa'idodi da bukatun cancanta doka ce ta tsara su.

Ana ba da izinin iyaye ko na iyali ba tare da biyan kuɗi ba lokacin da ake buƙatar ma'aikaci ya riƙe aikin ma'aikacin yayin da ma'aikacen ke yin hutu. Iyaye da aka biya ko hutun iyali yana ba da lokacin biyan kuɗi don kula da ko yin shirye-shirye don jin daɗin yaro ko memba mai dogaro. Misalai uku na kudade sune inshorar zamantakewa / Tsaro na jama'a da gwamnati ta ba da umarni (inda ma'aikata, ma'aikata ko masu biyan haraji gabaɗaya ke ba da gudummawa ga takamaiman asusun jama'a), alhakin ma'aikaci (inda ma ma'aikacin dole ne ya biya ma'aikace tsawon hutun), da kuma manufofi masu gauraye waɗanda suka haɗu da tsaro na jamaʼa da alhakin.^[2]

An sami izinin iyaye a matsayin haƙƙin doka ko shirin gwamnati na shekaru da yawa a cikin wani nau'i ko wani. A cikin shekara ta 2014, Kungiyar Kwadago ta Duniya ta sake nazarin manufofin hutun iyaye a kasashe da yankuna 185, kuma ta gano cewa duk ƙasashe sai dai Papua New Guinea suna da dokoki da ke ba da umarnin wasu nau'ikan hutun iyaye.^[3] Wani bincike daban ya nuna cewa daga cikin kasashe 186 da aka bincika, kashi 96% sun ba da wasu albashi ga uwaye a lokacin hutu, amma kashi 44% ne kawai na waɗancan ƙasashe suka ba da wannan ga iyaye.^[4] Tsibirin Marshall, Micronesia, Nauru, Palau, Papua New Guinea, Tonga da Amurka sune kasashe bakwai kawai a cikin Majalisar Dinkin Duniya waɗanda ba sa buƙatar ma'aikata su samar da lokacin biyan kuɗi ga sababbin iyaye.^[5][6] Ma'aikata masu zaman kansu wani lokacin suna ba da ko dai ko duka ba a biya su ba kuma ana biyan su izinin iyaye a waje ko ban da kowane umarni na doka.

Bincike ya danganta hutun iyaye da aka biya zuwa ingantaccen sakamako na kiwon lafiya ga yara, ^[7] da kuma uwaye. ^[8]

1. ↑ Ruhm, Christopher J. (1998). "The Economic Consequences of Parental Leave Mandates: Lessons from Europe" (PDF). Quarterly Journal of Economics. 113 (1): 285–317. doi:10.1162/003355398555586. S2CID 51297709.
2. ↑ Addati, Laura (1 January 2015). "Extending maternity protection to all women: Trends, challenges and opportunities". International Social Security Review. 68 (1): 69–93. doi:10.1111/issr.12060. ISSN 1468-246X.
3. ↑ International Labour Organization. (2014). Maternity and Paternity at Work: Law and Practice Across the World.
4. ↑ Gualt, Barbara; Hartmann, Heidi; Hegewisch, Ariane; Milli, Jessica; Reichlin, Lindsey. "Paid Parental Leave in the United States" (PDF). Institute for Women's Policy Research. Archived from the original (PDF) on 30 September 2019. Retrieved 27 January 2017.
5. ↑ "Is paid leave available for both parents of infants?". World Policy Analysis Center (in Turanci). Retrieved 2023-08-04.
6. ↑ "Note: Suriname is the latest country to introduce paid leave" (PDF). Retrieved 30 July 2023.
7. ↑ Danzer, Natalia; Halla, Martin; Schneeweis, Nicole; Zweimüller, Martina (2020-11-10). "Parental Leave, (In)formal Childcare and Long-Term Child Outcomes". Journal of Human Resources (in Turanci). 57 (6): 0619–10257R1. doi:10.3368/jhr.58.2.0619-10257R1. ISSN 0022-166X. S2CID 157124069.
8. ↑ Bütikofer, Aline; Riise, Julie; Skira, Meghan M. (2021). "The Impact of Paid Maternity Leave on Maternal Health". American Economic Journal: Economic Policy (in Turanci). 13 (1): 67–105. doi:10.1257/pol.20190022. ISSN 1945-7731. S2CID 234033258 Check |s2cid= value (help).